In order for the structure and behavior of a new structure to meet technical and aesthetic specifications, the imput of knowledgeable individuals in architecture is needed. This involves creating drawings, taking measurements and occasionally mediating compromises.

France, officially the French Republic, is a unitary semi-presidential republic located mostly in Western Europe, with several overseas regions and territories.

Certificate programs, which can be earned in about a year, consist of academic classes that are offered at different skill and ability levels. Undergraduate as well as graduate students, depending on their field of study, may obtain certificates.