As the computer science field of study became increasingly prevalent, many had their doubts that this field of study would continue. It was not until the 1950s that computer science began to be observed as a legitimate science among academics. It is thanks to the IBM brand that this became part of the main-stream culture.

France, officially the French Republic, is a unitary semi-presidential republic located mostly in Western Europe, with several overseas regions and territories.

An advanced diploma is a scholastic program that provides students with the in-depth education they need to further advance in their career or to qualify for unique professional opportunities. Many advanced diplomas can be completed in a short amount of time, which makes them ideal for busy students.